In
simple terms, sound insulation is reducing the sound from the source (sender)
getting into a room (the receptor). There are several methods on reducing the
sounds coming from these extraneous sound-makers. The receptors include
theaters and recording rooms among others.
Some
of the methods used include increasing the distance between the sound maker and
the receptor, the use of noise barriers (either through reflection or
deflection of the sound waves) and the use of damping structures like baffles
or the use of anti-noise sound generators.
Also
usable are acoustic quieting, noise mitigation, and noise control in limiting
noise. Soundproofing can suppress the unwanted indirect sound by reflection
that can cause echoes and resonances.
Methods
One
way of reducing the transmission of unwanted sound is sound proofing by way of
using distance and intervening objects in the sound’s path. The density of the
sound decreases as it spreads out. With distance, the intensity of the sound
waves becomes less and less.
Damping
reduces the resonance of sound in a room by absorption or re-direction. The
methods are reflection and diffusion. Absorption reduces the sound level while
re-direction makes unwanted sound harmless by reducing its coherence.
During
the absorption of sound, parts of the sound energy are converted into heat in
the intervening object (the one that absorbs it) rather than the sound is being
transmitted or reflected. The absorbing material for sound is determined by the
frequency distribution of the noise.
Absorbers
An
open cell rubber foam or melamine sponges absorb sound by friction within their
cell structures. Throughout the broad range (medium) of frequencies, the porous
open cell foams are highly effective sound absorbers.
These
cell foams can absorb sound depending on the cell size, porosity, material
thickness and material density, including tortuosity. The other sound absorbers
include resonant panels.
The
reflectors will make the sound hitting them be reflected than if the sound hits
a softer medium like fiberglass. (It is used to deflect sound skyward in noisy
highways caused by speeding vehicles.)
Transfers
The
transfer of sound from a room into the outside happens thought mechanical ways.
The vibration passes directly through the brick, woodwork and other solid
structural elements. When the sound meets other elements like a wall, ceiling,
floor or window (all these can act as sounding boards), the sound is amplified
and heard in the second space (the outside).
Mechanical
transmissions are faster and more efficient and can be readily amplified than
an airborne transmission (sound released on its own) of the same initial
strength. Soundproofing with the use of acoustic foam and other absorbent
materials is less effective, in this case.
Another
method of sound proofing is simply breaking the connection between the room
that contains the sound source and the outside space. (It is called acoustic
de-coupling.) This eliminates the vibration transfer in solid and in the air.
Sound insulation takes in many forms and the use of some devices. The main purpose is
to break the vibrations transfer from one medium to the other (solids to air,
air to solids, and solid to solid materials).